The Dangers of Excessive Copper in Dog Food: The silent killer in pet food today that could be affecting your dog!

As dog owners, we strive to provide our furry friends with the best nutrition possible. We carefully select dog food, raw, dehydrated, or freeze-dried brands that claim to be “complete and balanced,” trusting that they meet the necessary nutritional standards to keep our dogs healthy and thriving for life. However, over the last decade, a rising number of pet deaths directly related to copper toxicosis in breeds not known for the issue has been recently raising alarm bells within the pet nutrition and veterinary community, as well as among pet owners and other pet professionals alike.

In today’s article, we will delve into the dangers of excessive copper in dog food, the role of chelated minerals, and what you can do to ensure the safety and well-being of your beloved pet.

Understanding Copper in Dog Food

Copper is an essential trace mineral that plays a vital role in various biological functions within a dog’s body. It’s involved in enzyme activation, red blood cell formation, and the maintenance of healthy connective tissues, skin, and coats. While copper is necessary for your dog’s health, excessive amounts can be stored in the liver and lead to copper-associated hepatopathy (CAH), a potentially lethal liver disease.

Historically, the copper content in dog food was relatively low. However, over the years, studies have shown a significant increase in copper levels, with some dog foods containing concentrations that far exceed the minimum requirement of 7.3 mg/kg set by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO). This rise in copper levels has raised concerns about the safety and potential health risks associated with high copper intake.

The Role of Chelated Minerals

To meet AAFCO’s nutrient profiles, dog food manufacturers must include the appropriate amount of copper in their formulations and list the form of copper used in the ingredient panel, but do not have to list the exact amount (known as the guaranteed mineral analysis) of copper on their packaging. While copper sulfate was commonly used in the past, it has been replaced by chelated forms of copper, such as copper proteinate or copper amino acid chelate.

Chelated minerals are inorganic minerals that are chemically bonded to organic compounds, such as amino acids or polysaccharides. This chelation process enhances the bioavailability and absorption of minerals, making them easier for dogs to utilize in small amounts, but can also lead to a build up of minerals in large doses throughout the body when fed routinely. Additionally, while the over-accumulation of copper is concerning in all dogs due to this additional of chelated minerals, some dog breeds (such as those prone to copper storage disease or bladder stones) often require diets with wholefood-based, non-chelated minerals to minimize the risk of adverse health effects long term.

The Growing Concern: Copper-Associated Hepatopathy (CAH)

Copper-associated hepatopathy, also known as copper storage disease, is a serious liver condition that can be caused by excessive copper intake. It was traditionally believed to affect only certain breeds, such as Bedlington Terriers, Labrador Retrievers, Dalmatians, Doberman Pinschers, and West Highland White Terriers. However, recent studies have shown an increase in CAH cases across various dog breeds, suggesting that all dogs are vulnerable to this condition.

Unfortunately, CAH is a progressive disease that often goes unnoticed until it reaches an advanced stage. Dogs with CAH may exhibit symptoms such as abdominal swelling, diarrhea, loss of appetite, jaundice, increased thirst, and vomiting. All too often, by the time these symptoms become apparent, significant liver damage may have already occurred. Early detection and intervention are crucial to get copper levels in check, and for a better prognosis and quality/quantity of life over time.

The Need for Regulation: AAFCO and Copper Limits

The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) is responsible for establishing nutritional standards for pet food in the United States, with representatives that include individuals from major pet food brands, including Nestle Purina, Hills Pet Nutrition, Nutro Products, and Cargill Animal Nutrition – just to name a few. While AAFCO sets minimum nutrient requirements for dog food (which some see as a major conflict of interest in the pet food industry), it currently does not impose a maximum limit for copper. This lack of regulation has led to varying copper levels in dog food, with some brands majorly exceeding safe thresholds and trying to avoid disclosing the actual amount of included copper to the public.

Veterinary experts and researchers have urged AAFCO to establish a safe upper limit for copper in dog food to prevent the rising incidence of CAH. Without a defined maximum limit, manufacturers have the freedom to include high levels of copper chelates or copper sulfate in their formulations without recourse. This unrestricted practice poses a significant risk to dogs’ health and calls for immediate action to ensure the well-being of our canine companions.

The Importance of Transparency: Knowing What’s in Your Dog’s Food

As a responsible dog owner, it is vital to be informed about the copper content in the dog food you choose. Unfortunately, not all pet food companies disclose the exact amount of copper in their products on the label. While some dog foods (such as Nature’s Logic) are transparent and post the guaranteed mineral analysis for their recipes on their website, obtaining this information isn’t always easy, and may require contacting the manufacturer directly.

When evaluating dog food options, consider brands that prioritize transparency and regularly test their products for nutrient content, as well as dog foods that meet AAFCO’s minimum requirements for copper without exceeding them. Opting for wholefood-based diets, which use natural ingredients, can also be a healthier choice for your dog, as they offer a more balanced and nutritionally complete approach.

Taking Control: Ensuring Your Dog’s Safety

While regulatory changes are necessary to address the copper issue in dog food, there are steps you can take to protect your dog’s health and safety. Here are some actionable measures you can implement:

• See your veterinarian regularly: Seek help from your veterinarian to assess your dog’s specific physical needs for their age, fitness level, and breed.
• Choose reputable brands: Select dog food brands with a reputation for quality and transparency. Look for those that prioritize the use of high-quality wholefood ingredients and conduct regular testing for nutrient content.
• Read the label: Carefully review the ingredient list and guaranteed analysis on dog food labels. Look for copper levels that are sourced from whole food ingredients and meet AAFCO’s minimum requirements without exceeding safe limits.
• Call the Dog Food Manufacturer: if you cannot find the copper content, contact the Manufacturer directly via phone call or email and ask them. The mineral content in your dog’s diet is not proprietary and shouldn’t be hidden as such.
• Consider a balanced homemade diet: If you have concerns about commercial dog food, consult with a certified professional pet nutritionist to design a balanced homemade diet tailored to your dog’s needs.

Remember, as a dog owner, you play a crucial role in ensuring your pet’s well-being. By staying informed, making informed decisions, and advocating for stricter regulations, we can work together to safeguard our beloved canine companions from the dangers of excessive copper in dog food.

Final Thoughts

The rising concerns surrounding excessive copper in dog food have shed light on the critical need for regulation and transparency within the pet food industry. Copper-associated hepatopathy poses a significant risk to dogs’ health, and immediate action is necessary to protect our furry friends. By being informed consumers, advocating for change, and prioritizing the well-being of our dogs, we can make a positive impact and ensure that they receive the nutrition they need without compromising their health. Let us strive for a future where dog food is safe, balanced, and meets the highest standards of nutritional excellence.

This article is for informational purposes and should not replace nutritional advice from a qualified certified professional pet nutritionist or a licensed veterinarian regarding what your dog requires individually. Feeding your dog isn’t necessarily rocket science, but just like anything else – a little knowledge from the right sources can and WILL help you succeed in feeding your best friend better. While not yet offered at all TCK9 locations, we offer advanced Canine Nutrition Classes and Seminars at our Knoxville facility by appointment. Call 888-405-2905 for more information on getting started!